Achievement Goal Theory (AGT)

Achievement Goal Theory (AGT)

Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) suggests that persons in achievement settings interpret their achievement as either learning or task orientation; or, performance or ego orientation. Further, a learning or task orientation predisposes to compete with oneself, while a performance or ego orientation has an external dimension. In the long run, internal motivation seems to be more productive. Indeed, a famous person has been quoted as saying that when you compare yourself to anyone else, you do yourself a disservice.

Comparing to your own self may be translated as something similar: today I run 2 miles, tomorrow 3 miles and so on. However, it is important to take fatigue into account. Perhaps today I run 3 miles, but tomorrow only 1 mile because I am tired from the day before. Still, undertakings such as marathons take extensive training but the body does respond to consistent physical activity and endurance does increase. Notwithstanding, some physicians caution against ultra marathons, saying they are unhealthy.

Reaching for the Stars! Image: Megan Jorgensen (Elena)

Some authors use the Self Determination Theory (SDT) to explain motivation and persistence in sports and other athletic pursuits. SDT is a theory of motivation initially developed by Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan. The theory has many implications outside of sports. Although in this short article, SDT is applied in relation to sports and athletic pursuits, explaining why some people persist in such endeavours, while others drop out. SDT has more to do with intrinsic motivation and behavioural regulation. In other words, participating in the activity for its own sake, for the pleasure and joy derived from participation.

Alternatively, individuals may continue with a sport because of positive reactions and social support they get from others. As such, the importance of peers, coaches, significant others and other people likely to influence persistence in a sport. The theories outlined in the present short essay are easy to see in practice at any gym facility. Some people are evidently there to work out, while others clearly want to attract attention. All in all, physical activity, regardless of the underlying motivational theory, is usually considered as very beneficial to health (in most cases).