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Tuesday, December 19, 2017

Crothers Woods

Crothers Woods


Crothers Woods is an ecologically sensitive climax beech and maple forest. These lands have been subject to over use through unregulated and high impact activities, including mountain biking. Efforts are underway to protect this ecologically sensitive area through the construction of natural barriers and development of an education program.

Crothers Woods is a unique maple-oak-beech climax forest ecosystem providing significant wildlife habitat in the heart of Toronto. Restoration efforts allowed to preserve and enhance Crothers Woods for native flora and fauna and all trail users.

Please do your part to reduce the impact on the forest ecosystem so that all trail users can enjoy the forest for years to come.

Crothers Woods Trail. You can see stones used instead of benches. Photo: Elena

Caution: Recreational trails are not maintained and can be steep and slippery. Use at your own risk. Avoid use of Crothers Woods during high winds or immediately after wind storms due to the potential for tree failure. Do not enter or cross railway corridors. Cyclists should wear helmets at all times.

Stay on the existing trails: Dogs people and bikes must stay on existing trails. Do not widen or cut new trails. Respect trail closures and do not disturb restoration areas. Using closed trails is prohibited.

Share the trail: trails are multi-use and bi-directional unless otherwise indicated. Cyclists must yield to pedestrians. Control your bike and make your approach known. Give trail users going uphill the right of way.

Control your pet: Keep dogs on-leash and on the trails at all times. Pick up after your pet. Do not allow your dog to disturb wildlife and their habitat.

Leave no trace: Avoid trail usage after rainfall. Using wet and muddy trails can lead to unnecessary trail erosion and widening that may result in long-lasting damage. Unauthorized trail work, and building or installing structures is prohibited. Do not damage or remove any vegetation – alive or dead. Keep the forest clean. Carry out what you carry in.

Get involved: Contact City of Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation to get involved in trail maintenance and habitat restoration projects. Encourage others to be responsible trail users.

Thank you for helping to preserve the Crothers Woods for everyone to enjoy.

Toronto treatment plant. Ecological enhancements are underway at the North Toronto Treatment Plant. These improvements will include the creation of a large wildflower meadow as well as a wetland. A variety of native plantings will also take place within and adjacent to existing natural areas in an effort to improve the structure, biodiversity and size of plant communities. Greater ecological diversity strengthens the local plant and animal communities enabling them to better cope with urban stresses such as pollution and development encroachment. Photo: © Elena

Trails and meadows. Crothers Woods trails and wetlands. Photo: © Elena

Don River in front of the woods. Photo: © Elena
A typical landscape. Photo : Elena
A frog, resident of Crothers Woods. Photo : Elena
Bushes and flowers. Photo by Elena

Evergreen Works

Evergreen Brick Works


What do you do with an abandoned 120-year-old factory hidden in the ravines at the heart of Toronto?

Reuse it. Respect it. Rediscover it. Learn from it. Teach in it. Play in it.

The Don Valley Brick Works made bricks that built Toronto. Now, these same buildings (and the new LEED Platinum building added) generates ideas and tools for building the sustainable city of the future.

Evergreen has transformed this site into an environmental centre where communities can discover how to live, work and play more sustainably. Evergreen Brick Works is a social enterprise; the money you spend supports the programs the society delivers. Explore the natural spaces. Get your hands dirty. Enjoy local food. Discover the past. Think about the future. Ask questions. Share your ideas and explore new ones. Take part in the programs and activities. Or just wander about.

Evergreen is a national Canadian not-for-profit that inspires to green cities. A national charity since 1991, Evergreen makes cities more livable by bringing people and nature together for the benefit of both.

This 12-acre industrial site is owned by the Toronto and Region conservation Authority (TRCA) and managed by the City of Toronto. Evergreen is operating the site under a 21-year lease. The TRCA and City of Toronto have contributed to the project.

Don Valley Brick Works Park trails will take you to a variety of habitats (wetland, meadows and forest) where native wildlife thrives. As you explore this special public park, you will discover aspects of its industrial past, how natural habitats are maintained in the present, and how the landscape may evolve in the future.

Please enjoy the park responsibly. Walking off the trail, climbing the slopes, letting dogs off leash, and disturbing wildlife or vegetation all cause serious damage to the park. Choose to help, not to hurt!

Recreational Trails, No Winter Maintenance.

Industrial Buildings Re-purposed industrial buildings, now home to the neighbour Evergreen Brick Works, an environmental community centre which explores making cities more sustainable. Photo: © Elena

Quarry pond. Rim of what was once a huge day quarry. What is now transformed into natural habitat was once a large quarry for brick manufacturing. Photo: © Elena

Children’s garden. A place where children can play, explore and discover through hands-on contact with nature. Evergreen staff members facilitate the experience, with the aim to allow each child the opportunity to cultivate their sense of curiosity, wonder and independence. Photo: © Elena

Evergreen Chimney. Evergreen Brick Works chimney. If you are lucky, you might spot the erratic flight of a Chimney Swift! This small chattering bird, often described as a “cigar with wings”, can be seen flying above Toronto between April and October. Swifts belong to a group of birds called “aerial insectivores” because they spend most of their time in flight, and flying insects are their only food source. When swifts arrive in Ontario each year in late April or early May, they look for suitable nesting chimneys. These birds form nests from small sticks and attach them to the inside wall of a chimney, using the saliva as glue. A swift decline. Across Canada, Chimney Swifts have undergone dramatic population declines in the last 40 years. Their numbers have decreased by as much as 90%. The causes are unknown, but could include: Fewer flying insects; Loss of open brick chimneys; Chimney cleaning and nest removal; Extreme weather. How can you help the swifts? Avoid chimney maintenance between May and September. Submit sighting at eBird.ca. If you have swifts in your chimney, report them to Bird Sanctuary Ontario SwiftWatch program. Photo: © Elena

Watershed Wall. Don Valley Brick Works Park is an important link in Toronto’s natural ravine system. To appreciate the extent of Toronto’s green corridors, take a look at the Watershed Wall sculpture located at the Evergreen Brick Works. Photo: © Elena

Butterfly Garden: Featuring vibrant colours and diverse native plants, the species in this garden attract butterflies throughout their entire lifecycle – from egg to caterpillar, chrysalis and adult. Photo: © Elena

First Nations Medicine Garden: Planted by Toronto Council Fire Native Cultural Centre, this garden features medicinal plants found naturally throughout Ontario habitats, and have been used for centuries by First Nations. This garden was designed with a focus on four Directions teachings, represented by the colours black, white, red and yellow. Photo: © Elena

Flagrant native plants chosen for this garden, such as evening primrose and Virginia mountain mint, invigorate our sense of smell. They have been used by humans for centuries, for a range of applications – from stuffing mattresses to making herbal teas and oils. Photo: © Elena

Don River

Don River


The Don River is formed from two rivers, the West and the East branches. These branches meet about 4 miles north of Lake Ontario. The river is joined then by a third branch, Taylor-Massey Creek. The area below the confluence is known as the lower Don. The Don River then empties into Lake Ontario, at Toronto Bay. Its total length is of about 38 miles.

There is little archaeological evidence in the Don valley, but the most significant recorded find is known as the Withrow Site, discovered in 1886.

In 1788, Alexander Aitkin, an English surveyor who worked in southern Ontario, referred to the Don River as Ne cheng qua kekonk. Another name used was Wonscotanach.

After the founding of York (Toronto) in 1793, several mills were constructed along the lower Don. One of the first was at Todmorden Mills. By the 1850s, the Lower Don was becoming an industrial setting. Petroleum storage facilities, poultry and pork processing plants were constructed along the banks of the Don. In 1879, the Don Valley Brick Works opened.

Don River. Photo by Elena


In the 1950s and early 1960s, the Don Valley Parkway (DVP) was constructed through the Lower Don to serve the commuter traffic. Two hills within the Don valley were levelled and the soil used for grading the highway. Increasing development reduced the natural areas of the watershed. This impacted the Don with increased pollution, heavy flooding, and turbid sediment laden waters.

Efforts to restore the Don gathered steam in 1989 with a public forum at the Ontario Science Centre. The result was the formation of the Task Force to Bring Back the Don, a citizen’s advisory body to Toronto City Council. In 1991 Bring Back the Don released a document called Bringing Back the Don which laid out plans for restoration, including a re-naturalized mouth of the Don. In 1998 a plan to revive Toronto’s waterfront was initiated.

Don Valley meadow. Photo by Elena

The Don Valley is notable because of its deep wide valley in the lower reaches. At the Bloor Street Viaduct, the valley is about 400 m wide while the river is only about 15 m wide. This is due to its glacial origins, about 12,000 years ago at the end of the Wisconsinan Glaciation. The Don Valley contains thus one of the most interesting locations for studying the regional geological history.

The Don Valley Brick Works was an old brick making factory with a quarry where they extracted shale. At the rear wall, local geologists discovered a record of the past three glaciations. There are nine distinct layers visible dating back 120,000 years.

Mud Creek. Photo by Elena

Curious Facts about Canada

Curious Facts about Canada


Bow and arrow. Coiled baskets. Animals as gifts. Legend of a mask. Andrew Bonar Law. McIntosh Apple Tree

Use of the basic bow and arrow: Like many other Indian customs, the use of the basic bow and arrow is inaccurately portrayed by white persons. From the earliest sketches on down through many years of hollywood extravaganzas Indians have been depicted shooting their bows in the classic stance of the European archers of the Middle ages. For many years leading Indians like Chief Dan George of British Colombia have consistently pointed out that Indians held their bows horizontally, not vertically like Robin Hood.

Coiled baskets: Coiled baskets made by interior Salish Indians, B.C., were so tightly woven they were used as cooking vessels.

Majestic animals used for royal gifts: Nearly a thousand years ago vikings of medieval times traveling o what is now the Canadian Arctic, were capturing live polar bears. The Bears were used by Norse Kings as Gift Pets that impressed other European rulers.

Toronto downtown. Photo: Elena.

Legend of a mask: A humorous legend is attached to a mask called the Great One. The Mask was used in Eastern Indian Rites for the sick, and it represented a spirit who once challenged the Creator himself to a mountain moving contest. The Creator responded by smacking a mountain up against the Great One’s nose, leving him with a permanent nose tilt and a sheepish expression.

Andrew Bonar Law: Andrew Bonar Law born at Rexton (Kingston), New-Brunswick, was the first and only Canadian to become Prime Minister of Great Britain. He is buried among renowned figures of British history in Westminster abbey.

The McIntosh apple tree: In 1796, John McIntosh planted an apple orchard in Dundas County, Upper Canada (Ontario). The seeds weren’t reliable and the resulting growth made this plain. Only one tree showed promise. But careful crossing and grafting from the single good tree brought the other trees along. Today, every McIntosh apple grown can be traced back to the seeds and grafts of the lone tree that John McIntosh nurtured to bring forth the world famous apple named after him.

Lumbering: One of Canada’s first important commercial industries was lumbering. Far up the mighty rivers, huge rafts of squared logs were assembled by the loggers in preparation for the spring journeys downstream. With their living quarters on the deck, many men worked, slept and ate on the was down to ports where the rafts of squared timber were disassembled and loaded on ships bound for England. As early as 1790, a timber raft from near Kingston, Ontario, reached Quebec City.

Log trough roofs: From the earliest days of French settlement in the East to relatively recent times in the West, roof of hollowed half logs were used. The bark was left on and it is surprising how long they lasted without cracking or becoming non-water shedding.

(It happened in Canada, by Gordon Johnston, 1985, Scholastic Canada Ltd, Toronto, pages 3 and 4).

View from Elena's appartement in Montreal. Photo by Elena.

Curious Facts about Canada

Curious Facts about Canada

Did You Know?


Sir Henry P.P. Crease. Emily Carr. Tugboat Annie. Panning gold in Halifax. The Saskatchewan Giant. The Cape Breton Giant. A Boy Hero. Sir John McDonald

Sir Henry P.P. Crease the first practising barrister in British Columbia, became in 1861 its first attorney-general – a post he held till 1870, when he became a B.C. supreme court judge.

Canadian greatest woman artist Emily Carr (1871-1945): born in Victoria, British Columbia, she studied painting in California and Europe. Then worked for years without recognition in Canada. Discouraged she quit painting for 15 years, but took up her brushes again after meeting members of the now famous Group of Seven. Today her paintings are represented in all major Canadian collections.

Tugboat Annie better known to movie fans as Marie Dressler, was born Leila Koerber at Cobourg, Ontario, in 1860. She won an Academy award and averaged a new picture every two months for four years – yet her movie career didn’t start until she was over 70 years of age.

Facts about Toronto. Queen Park in Toronto. Photograph by Elena

Panning gold in Halifax: A man named John Campbell was the first to pan gold along the shores of Halifax County. He and the hundreds of gold seekers who followed him never made fortunes. Yet Nova Scotia’s production per man and gold yield per ton was better than that of either California or Australia.

The Saskatchewan Giant Eduard Beaupre of Willow Bunch Saskatchewan wore size 25 shoes. At 2.48 metres he was too tall to ride horses – but he could pick one up with one hand.

The Cape Breton Giant: Angus MacAskill, the Cape Breton Giant, stood almost 2,4 metres tall and weighed 225 kg. He smoked a mallet-sized pipe that held sixth of a pound of tobacco and drank rum from a wooden bowl that held equivalent of three full glasses.

Sir John A. Macdonald, the man who did more than any other to bring about Canadian Confederation. Had he lived in any other country. His birthday, January 11the, would be appropriately celebrated, but few Canadians know this is his birthday.

A boy hero: While strong men doubted Joe Cracker of Herring Cove, Nova Scotia plunged into heavy seas to rescue survivors from H.M.S. La Tribune that foundered and was wrecked off Tribune Head, Nova Scotia 1n 1797. Joe Cracker was just 13-years old.

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Spherical slumber: Charles and Abigail Bowers were the first settlers of Ohio, Shelburne Country, Nova Scotia. Abigail was known as a resourceful woman who had seventeen children. She solved the problem of beds for them by putting her ten boys in a round bed with all the bed covers made circular in order to prevent unequal portions.

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The most English city in North America is Victora, British Colombia. To the delight of themselves and tourists the natives hang flower baskets on the downtown lampposts.

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A mysterious levitation in 1880: Two men working in a field in East Kent, Ontario, heard a peculiar, loud noise nearby. Turning they saw boulders an stones flying upwards from an area near them. After the stone fell back to the ground, they investigated the spot, but found no trace of an explosion or other disturbance which could have flung the stones high in the air.

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Profiteering. In 1889, seven cast iron stoves bought for $29.50 each in Vancouver were sold at McLeaon, N.W.T. for $250 each.

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John Buchan, Governor-general of Canada in 1935-1940 was a skilled novelist and a man of letters. He took a keen interest in literature, and it was he who initiated the governor-geenral’s literary awards that are now made annually.

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Canada’s mini desert: A small are of roughly 24 km by 48 km, lying to the south of Penticton, British Columbia is a genuine desert. Only flora and fauna that are typical of desert environment exist here, including prickly pear cactus and rattlesnakes. Its annual rainfall – little more than 19 cm is actually less that of the Sahara desert.

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Linus, a Clydesdale horse in Fredericton, New-Brunswick, had hair to spare. Mane, 4-2 m. long, foetop 3 m long, tail 3-7 m. 1920.

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In the beginning of the XXe century, Canadian newspapers carried stories about the high rent rates for houses in Toronto, making it difficult for clerks and mechanics to obtain decent housing. The average rate at the time was $150 a year.

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Shock was prescribed as a cure for the paralyzed spine of Mrs. Jean Fry Finigan. The great Halifax explosion in 1917 was the shock that completely cured the then 22 year old girl.
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A significant milestone was passed in 1953 – for the first time oil production ($198 million) exceeded the value of gold production ($140 million).
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Blue Moon. On September 26, 1950, a 200 000 km2 forest fire in British Columbia caused sulphur particles to form in the upper atmosphere. Because of this, the Moon looked blue to viewers in Great Britain.
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Going to great lengths: In the days of the big sailing ships Nova Scotia had a fleet that covered every ocean. Beginnning at Yarmouth in 1763 to the end of the 19th Century this province was a world leader in ship building and sailing.
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The rope riggings for sail control of a typical windjammer of this era totalled about 29 km of length.
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The era of the Hobos: During the 1930’s thousands of men travel across and to all parts of Canada on the tops of freight train car seeking jobs that just weren’t obtainable.
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The Great depression began with the crash of the New York stock market in 1929 and continued until World War II broke out 10 years later. At its height in 1933, more than 1,500,000 out of Canada’s total population of 10,500,000 were on welfare. It had been 10 years of youthful stagnation and starvation wages.
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World basketball champions without peer the Edmonton Grads. Let’s face it men. The best group in the entire history of sports in Canada was a team of girl basketball players, called the Edmonton Grads. From 1915 to 1940, under their coach Percy Page, they utterly destroyed all competition in Canada, the USA and Europe, winning 502 of 522 games, including 27 of the 27 the played in Olympic tournaments. In 1940, with no one left to defeat, the disbanded.
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Color choice: Purchasers of early For cars were told they could have any color they wanted – so long as it was black.
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The Turkey is known as the American bird in Turkey
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Rescue Record. In a period of 40 years, reg. Gaudaur, a boatman of often treacherous lake Simkoe (56 km North of Toronto), saved more than 60 persons from drowning.

Regards from Canada. Illustration by Elena.