Medical Tariff

The Medical Tariff

For North York, South Simcoe and adjacent townships, reprinted 1866, by order of the profession.

For Medical advice in office, with or without Medicine from 50 cents to 1, 50 dollar

For Visits in the Villages during the day – 1, 00 dollar

For visits in the Villages during the night – 2, 00 dollars

For visits into the Country, one mile or less – 1, 00 dollar

For visits into the Country, each mile after the first – 50 cents

For visits into the country by night, one mile or less – 2, 00 dollars

For visits into the country by night, per mile 0, 75 cents

Consultation visits an extra Fee of – From 1, 00 dollar to 2, 00 dollars

Medical Certification of any kind (mileage extra as above) 2, 00 dollars

Unusual detention every hour after the first by day – 0, 50 cents

Unusual detention every hour after the first by night – 0, 75 cents.

List of medical tariffs. Photo by Elena

Surgical Cases

For capital operations, as lithotomy, amputations of upper or lower extremities, removal of large tumours, operations for cataract, etc. from 15. 00 dollars to 50. 00 dollars.

Minor operations, as removal of tonsils, amputation of fingers, cutting for fistulas, small tumours, hydrocele – from 4. 00 dollars to 10. 00 dollars.

Catheterism, use of probang or bougies – 1. 00 to 2. 00 dollars.

Setting of fractures of lower extremities – 5 – 30 dollars

Setting of fractures of lower extremities 5 to 10 dollars

Reduction of dislocations – lower extremities 10 to 20 dollars

Reduction of dislocations – upper extremities – 5.00 to 10 dollars.

Bleeding, vaccinations, tooth drawing, opening of abscesses, cupping, setons, issues – 0. 50 cents to 2. 00 dollars.

After attendance in surgical cases charged as ordinary visits.

Obstetrical Cases

For ordinary cases, each – 5 dollars

If more than 5 miles distance mileage as above also to be charged.

If instrumental cases, or those seriously complicated, as hemorrhage, convulsions, etc. – 10 dollars.

Subsequent attendance, as above, excepting a single visit where the distance is 4 miles or less. Detention over six hours, per hour, in addition to the avove – 50 cents.

Medicine to be charged extra.

Signed by Drs. J.O. ORR, Bond Head; David L. Rogers, Newmarket; Oliver Rupert, Maple; William Coburn, Markham Village; James Allen, Bradford; John Reid, Thornhill; J. Hackett, Newmarket; C.T. Noble, Sutton; J. W. Montgomery, Georgina; A.C. Lloyd, Stouffville; T.M. Armstrong, Rosemont; James Langstaff, Richmond Hill; R. Lund, Cookstown; J. Duncumb, Richmond Hill; L. Langstaff, King; R.W. Hillary, Aurora; W.B. Geikie, Aurora; John Mahaffy, Nobleton; William Scholfield, Lloydtown; Edward Playter, Schomberg; J. Deevelyn, Burwick; J. J. Hunter, Newmarket; J.K.G. McCarthy, Bradford; J.D. Stevenson; Kleimberg; H. Noble, Sharon; John Nash, Newmarket; Ross, Cookstown.

Doctor’s reception hall. Black Creek Pioneer Village. Photo: © Elena

Geographical Center of Canada

Geographical Centre of Canada

Let’s talk first about extremities of the Canadian Landmass: Most northerly point of Canada is located at Cape Aldrich, Nunavut, at 83 degrees 7 minutes North, 69 degrees 40 minutes West.

Most southerly point of Canada: Middle Island, Ontario; 41 degrees 41 minutes North, 82 degrees 40 minutes West.

Most easterly point: Cape Spear, Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador: 47 degrees 31 minutes North, 52 degrees 37 minutes West.

Most westerly point: A portion of the Yukon (Canada) and Alaska (US boundary which runs along the 141st meridian.

The point at the southern end of this long line would be the furthest west, at: 60 degrees 8 minutes North, 141 degrees 0 minutes West.

Now, we can measure the centre of Canada (actually, it can be measured in many ways) Well, the most easy and commun way would be by taking the mid-point of the extremities of the Canadian landmass section.

Thus the resulting sitevwill be found just south of Yathkyed Lake in Nunavut, west of Hudson Bay, located at 62 degrees 24 minutes North, 96 degrees 28 minutes West.

A trail inside a Victoria Park, Photograph by Elena

Canadian Wildlife

Canadian Wildlife

(All the pictures have been made by Elena)

The bear that was eaten with its own teeth: Nimrod Robertson, who had lost all his teeth to scurvy arrived over the dangerous Chilkoot pass to prospect during the Yukon gold rush. With him he had specially prepared food and one day a bear broke into his cache and ate it all up. Not wanting to re-cross the Chilkoot pass for more food, Robertson set traps and caught “one of the Biggest black bears ever seen in the Yukon”, then he set to work. After firing up a forge he extracted the bear’s teeth. Then he melted his tin cup, and using clay and spruce resin for molds he poured in the molten metal and set the bear’s teeth in to fashion a set of false teeth. During the remainder of the winter he ate the bear with own teeth.

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Oolikan fish were used by native people and early settlers of British Columbia as candles.

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In the middle of the 20th Century more than 3,000,000 horses were being used on Canadian farms.

Canadian Wildlife. Photo by Elena

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Wild turkey could be bought in 1800 for 6 cents.

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Because of conservation there are more beavers now than when Europeans first arrived in Canada.

A stone with an image of an elk made by Indians.

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A bee in gathering one pound of honey flies a distance that is equivalent to twice around the world at the equator – 80 000 km.

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The Harvester ant can easily push aside stones that outweigh it 50 times over.

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Tree stumps up to two meters in height surprise newcomers to the forests. The reason they are there is simple: beavers standing on deep snowdrifts cut the trees down during the winter months.

An elk on Bishop street. Photo by Elena

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Holes were provided in closet doors in the famous Uniacke house in Nova Scotia to admit cats in pursuit of mice.

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A dead shark sinks so slowly that its body is literally dissolved by the salt in the water before it reaches the floor of the ocean. The only part of the shark that is impermeable to the action of the salt is its teeth.

Another elk, on a Sherbourne street.

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Another Human caused tragedy in our forests: Something is happening in Canada today that is relatively new. Frequently in has sad consequences. People on camping trips or just plain picnicking, cook food in full wrappers, then leave the foil lying about or bury it two shallowly. Wild animals finding food residue in this manner eat foil, and all naturally the foil remains in their stomachs and causes slow agonizing deaths.

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The pheasant can live for a month without eating.

Canadian Nature. Photo by Elena

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Perilous pairs: Killer whales sometimes work as a team and two of them will gang up on a narwhal and crush it between them.

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A turtle can live a year without food.

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Lynx skins were legal tender at various times during the French Regime in Canada.

A deer on a Church street.

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A salmon stopper: Only something formidable can prevent salmon from traveling up rivers to spawn. Hell’s Gate Canyon at the mouth of the Fraser in British Columbia did. So many salmon here pounded to death trying to overcome this obstacle that conservationists finally built fishways to carry the salmon around the rapids to their spawning grounds.

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Art tippet in Windsor, Ontario while looking for bird’s nests to make color slides found a $5 bill in one in the 1970ies.

Bambi as a grafitti.

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The Cricket s nature’s thermometer: If you subtract 40 from the number of cricket chips a minute and divide the result by 4, and add 50 to the result, you can tell the temperature in Fahrenheit.

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A tenacious tuna: the longest contest on any records, between men and a tuna fish, occurred near Liverpool, Nova Scotia, in 1934. Six men taking turns fought the 358 kg tuna in a terrific battle that lasted 62 hours.

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The swan has more feathers than any other type of bird. One was found by actual count to have over 25.000 feathers.

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Passenger pigeons were once so plentiful that huge flocks would hide the sun for an hour at a time. They are now extinct because they were ruthlessly slaughtered for food. The last known passenger pigeon died in 1914.

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A deer can leap a 2.4 m high fence from a standing start.

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A cool bruin. When it gets hot in the Mountain Valleys and flies and sun become unbearable, bears that live in mountain regions heat to heights where snowdrifts give cool comfort.

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The groundhog, when it is excited, take 100 breaths a minute – yet when hibernating it breathes only once in 5 minutes.

Coat of Arms - deer and a bear.

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Myriads of itchy buffaloes found welcome relief at many natural rubbing posts situated in the Valley of the Milk River in Southern Alberta. The rubbings of countless bison caused the stone to assume a Mushroom shape.

Canadian Wolf.

Canadian Fox.

National Anthem of Canada

National Anthem of Canada

In 1880, a French Canadian composer Calixa Lavallee was commissioned to set a poem written by Judge Adolphe-Basile Routhier to music.

The song O, Canada would be played during the National Congress of French-Canadians. This Congress would be held on the St. Jean-Baptiste Day celebrations. Lavellee composed a few versions, and the version we know was met with enthusiasm by his friends.  The tune made its debut on June 24, 1880, at a banquet in the ‘Pavillion des Patineurs’ in Quebec City.

However, for more than twenty years, the song was almost forgotten. In 1901, the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall (later to be King George V and Queen Mary) toured Canada.

A group of school children sang the song in French for them. In 1906, the music was published in Toronto by Whaley and Royce. The original French text and an English translation were both included. The English lyrics were written by Toronto doctor Thomas Bedford Richardson.

Canada's History. Photo by Elena

The Mendelssohn Choir performed the song. Dr. Richardson’s Version O Canada! Our fathers’ land of old Thy brow is crown’d with leaves of red and gold. Beneath the shade of the Holy Cross Thy children own their birth No stains thy glorious annals gloss Since valour shield thy hearth. Almighty God! On thee we call Defend our rights, forfend this nation’s thrall, Defend our rights, forfend this nation’s thrall. Many new versions followed, including one by poet Wilfred Campbell and Toronto critic Augustus Bridle. Other versions were written for the celebrations of Quebec City three hundred years in 1908.

A version written by lawyer and (at the time) Recorder of the City of Montreal Robert Stanley Weir in 1908 gained the most notoriety. It was published for the Diamond Jubilee of Confederation in 1927 and became the accepted version in English-speaking Canada: Weir Version O Canada! Our home and native land. True patriot love in all thy sons command. With glowing hearts we see thee rise, The True North strong and free! And stand on guard, O Canada, We stand on guard for thee. O Canada, glorious and free, We stand on guard, we stand on guard for thee. O Canada, we stand on guard for thee! In 1927, an official version had been authorized by the Canadian Government for singing in Canadian schools and for use at public functions.

On March 15, 1967, the special joint committee unanimously recommended that the Canadian government be authorized to adopt forthwith the music for ‘O Canada’ composed by Calixa Lavallee as the music of the National Anthem of Canada. Furthermore, the committee recommended keeping the original French version and using the Weir version with minor changes.

In June, 1980, the bill was passed by the House of Commons and accepted by the Senate. On June 27, 1980, Royal assent was given and Canada had a National Anthem.

On Canada Day, on July 1, 1980, at a public ceremony held at noon on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, the Governor General, His Excellency the Right Honourable Edward Schreyer, proclaimed the Act respecting the National Anthem of Canada. ‘O Canada’ became an official symbol of the nation.

O Canada! Our home and native land!

True patriot love in all thy sons command.

With glowing hearts we see thee rise,

The True North strong and free!

From far and wide,

O Canada, We stand on guard for thee.

God keep our land glorious and free!

O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.

O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.

French:

O Canada!

Terre de nos aïeux,

Ton front est ceint de fleurons glorieux.

Car ton bras sait porter l’épée,

Il sait porter la croix.

Ton histoire est une épopée,

Des plus brillants exploits.

Et ta valeur, de foi trempée,

Protégera nos foyers et nos droits.

Protégera nos foyers et nos droits.

Canada Day

Canada Day History

Canada Day is an official holiday day in Canada and in Quebec. It marks the birth of Canada on July 1st, 1867. Until 1878, this day was known as Confederation Day. In 1879, it became Dominion Day, as the country was called the Dominion of Canada.

There was a lot excitement when the Dominion of Canada reached 21, that’s the age of majority, in 1888. That year, a proposal was raised to designate July 1 as Canada Day. Finally, in 1893, at the Chicago World Fair, July 1st was officially proclaimed as Canada Day.

The holiday however was not celebrated during the Great War (the First World War) and after the war. The Canada’ Diamond Jubilee, celebrated in 1927 served to renew a spirit, though. Media were full of Jubilee articles for several months before the big day.

Once again, during the economical crisis, depression and the Second World War, there was little incentive to celebrate. The importance of the national holiday was not acknowledged. But in the 1960’s, the federal government of Canada sought to renew interest in Canada’s birthday. Official and unofficial festivities proliferated, and the scope and variety of gatherings and other activities continued to develop.

Canadian flag. Photo by Elena, a proud Canadian.

In 1967, the Canadian Confederation’s 100th anniversary, the celebration attracted international attention. The Expo ‘67 hosted by the city of Montreal, in Quebec contributed to the event. That centennial year still holds many happy memories for many people.

In 1995, the minister of Canadian Heritage invited all Canadians to take part in a new initiative entitled Celebrate Canada!  These celebrations would last for the ten days of festivities leading up to July 1st.

Indeed, from June 21, National Aboriginal Day, through Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day on June 24, Neighbour Aid Day on June 25 and culminating with the country’s anniversary on the first of July, Canadians were encouraged to participate.

Since the coast-to-coast celebrations of the 100th anniversary, July 1st has grown in importance. It is now recognized and celebrated throughout the country country. Celebrations are held in provincial capitals and festivities in cities, towns and villages throughout Canada.