Penny Stocks

Penny Stocks

Finance is a fascinating field with much to discuss. The purpose of the present short essay is to describe penny stocks. Penny stocks are shares that are priced at less than five dollar ($5) in the United States of America, and under one pound (£1) in Britain and the United Kingdom, and called penny shares. Finance is considered a field of economics and is the study of financing and managing resources. Naturally, investing, investment and investment advice are also part of finance. Investment and finance related professions are highly regulated, and only licensed individuals have the right to serve as financial advisors and provide investment advice. In the U.S., the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Financial Regulatory Authority (FINRA) represent the two main organizations overseeing the financial industry.

Thus, penny stocks are cheaply priced stocks. Many people buy them in the hopes of making a large profit. Indeed, most people invest to generate returns. However, those who play the market, may at times end up being played themselves. For example, because of their low price, penny stocks or cent stocks may fall prey to fraud. Indeed, sometimes fraudulent investors or speculators will buy large numbers of low priced shares or penny stocks and artificially inflate their price per share. The process is called the pump and dump scheme, and a similar method has notoriously been used by rapper 50 Cent to make a substantial profit.

International Rose Garden of Montreal. Presented by the Rotary Club of Montréal-Lakeshore in Commemortion of the Centenary of the Canadian Confederation at the occasion of the Universal and International exhibition of 1967. Photo by Elena

The price inflation is easy to achieve using popular social media accounts, pretending to have insider information and thus inflating the shares' price but not value. Then, once the price is inflated the shares are sold and a profit is made by unscrupulous investors. However, while the SEC can put a halt on the penny stocks, the legitimate versus illegal manipulation falls under a thin, grey line. Legislation has been passed and the regulation depends on different criteria, but people have been jailed for acts related to penny stocks fraudulent manipulation. Nonetheless, a detailed discussion of the legality and laws surrounding penny stocks lies beyond the scope of the present short paper.

Ladies going to acquire penny stocks. Photo by Elena

Black Creek Pioneer Village 7

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An old fashioned wheel.

One floor typical house of the Black Creek village.

A large stone fireplace in the kitchen was important for heating, lighting and cooking for the household.

Meals were considered a communal activity.

Although machines using natural energy like grist mills could be available, every step needed much more human effort than today.

The Temperance Hall was given a second life as home to the village printer and weaver.

Printing Office 1850. Original Location: Kettleby, Ontario. Originally built as a Temperance Hall by the Sons of Temperance in Kettleby, this building is constructed of timber frame with vertical plank and clapboard siding.

Printing letters, they look as mirror letters.

The high ceiling, white walls, and many windows make this building ideal for the fine work of setting type, printing and proof reading.

Moved to Black Creek Pioneer Village in one piece in 1968, the Temperance Hall was restored and opened in 1971.

In Black Creek Village you can enjoy dining under the stars!

Guests were often strangers to each other.

Located in the heart of the Village, this 19th century style dining room, with its stone face fireplace and rustic ambience, provides a charming atmosphere to enjoy lunch.

Roblin's Mill 1842. Original location: Ameliasburg, Ontario (Prince Edward County).

Life in XIXth Century

Life in Toronto in the XIXth Century

The Black Creek Pioneer Village in Toronto represents the traditional village of Canadian pioneers. All the pictures have been taken by Elena.

Many artifacts here have a local community association to the history of Toronto and York Region.

Representing the development of early Ontario, the Black Creek Pioneer Village collection has evolved from its agricultural roots to include archival material, domestic artifacts, books, fine art, furniture, machinery, textiles, and tools.

To the memory of the Stong Pioneer family. Daniel Stong was born in Pennsylvania, U.S.A. in 1791, a descendant of Hans Hacob Stong (Stang) of Darmstadt, Germany, who emigrated to Buck"s Country, Pennsylvania, 1n 1709. In 1800. Daniel stong and his parents, Sylvester Stong, 1744-1834, and Barbary Bolinger, 1769-1863, migrated to Canada. Here on this farm, he and his wife, Elizabeth Fisher, 1798-1885, built their home in 1816. On tjis site he built the Stong school in 1824, and later the church known as the Townline Church. Daniel Stong died in 1868, and he and his wife, with other pioneers, are buried here. Erected by his descendants, 1969.

Daniel Stong's Farm

A rural house in Black Creek Pioneer Village, an artistic photo

A shoe Maker House in the village

Thought to have been the first school in the Maple area, this little building was also used as a private home. The upper level with its low ceilings is unheated and unfinished, which is now used for storage. The main floor makes for an ideal workshop, housing the broom making equipment and living quarters.

Example of a Country Kids Trail: Printing. In the 1860s, people believed that men should earn money to support their families. They should also read newspapers and know what was going on in the world. People thought it was funny if a woman wanted to do either of these things. Do we think it is funny today if a girl wants to read or make a newspaper? Some men worked in the printing office. Their job was to make the newspaper for other men to read. One job in the printing office was setting type. Each piece of type had an upside down letter on it. The typesetter had to learn to read these strange-looking letters. Try your hand! Can you read the magnetic type that is in the bucket? Try setting the letters together to spell you name – The letter on a piece of type might look like this; What letter is this? What is wrong with this letter? What happens if you look at this letter in the mirror? Using the magnetic letters and board, set type to print “Black Creek”.

Have you ever thought how much work is involved in having a piece of bread on your table? In the days of pioneers, it would be hard.

Presbyterian Church, A.D. 1856

The Tinsmith Shop at Black Creek Pioneer Village used to be a hardware store on the main floor, while the second storey was the first home of the Masonic Lodge known as the Blackwood Lodge.

During the 1860's many towns and villages had a resident Tinsmith who crafted items for the home and farm.

Tradition says that hand-made brick from the local area was used and the total cost of the building was $1,078.79. In 1960 the building was dismantled brick by brick, and moved to Black Creek Pioneer Village where it has been restored to its original condition. The original school bell accompanied the building. The school has large windows on both sides allowing for improved light and cross ventilation. Heat is provided by a box stove at the back of the room with a stove pipe running the full length of the room to the chimney at the front.

Dickson's Hill School 1861. Original Location: Markham, Ontario (Concession 7). Built in 1861, this school, S.S.#17 for Markham, is a fine example of the one-room school typical of the period.

Town Hall Green Town Hall built in 1858. Located in the heart of the village, this picturesque green space provides a romantic and charming setting.

Thank you and come back to admire this piece of real history of Ontario.

Map of the Black Creek Village.

Toll for a wood bridge.

When Morning Sickness Hits

When Morning Sickness Hits

An expert explains the nausea that often goes with pregnancy

Up to 70 percent of pregnant women suffer nausea from morning sickness, and not always in the morning. Dr. Donald Coustan, Chairman of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Brown University School of Medicine, advises how to relieve the discomfort.

What is morning sickness and what are its symptoms?

Morning sickness is nausea, with and without vomiting, during pregnancy. It may occur at any time of day, especially when the stomach is empty. While it is most common during the first three months of pregnancy, it may continue beyond that time and may recur toward the end of pregnancy. But the problem usually goes away by 13 to 20 weeks of gestation.

What causes morning sickness?

It is not well understood, but many doctors believe that hormonal changes may be involved. Women prone to morning sickness often report that particular odors, sights, or tastes may trigger an episode.

Are some more susceptible than others?

Yes, although one study estimated that nausea and vomiting occur in up to 70 percent of pregnancies.

What treatment is recommended?

We usually recommend that women prone to morning sickness eat five or six small meals each day in order to avoid an empty stomach as much as possible. Some women are helped by eating dry soda crackers, a peeled apple or a plain potato (peeled and cooked). They are also advised to avoid unpleasant odors and folds that trigger an attack. Women who experience nausea and vomiting so severe that they cannot even keep down frequent small meals, and whose urinary output fails, should consult their obstetrician. In such cases, it may be necessary to provide intravenous fluids and injections of medications to break the cycle and treat dehydration. Otherwise, there could be liver or kidney damage to the mother and even starvation.

A couple of nice girls. Photo by Elena

Are there any drugs that can help?

No. There previously was a medication known as Bendectin, which consisted of vitamin B6 and doxylamine, an antihistamine, which appeared to be effective. It was removed from the market, however, because of lawsuits alleging that it caused birth defects. Although it was never demonstrated that the medication caused birth defects, and most of the lawsuits were won by the defense, the company spent so much money defending the suits that they were unable to continue making the drug. The components of this drug may be useful, but they are not as well-studied as the combination.

Keeping Your Baby from Harm's Way

Beware of what these agents could do to the fetus

Agent, Reasons used, effects.

Alcohol – Part of regular diet, social reasons, dependency – Growth and mental retardation.

Androgens – To treat endometriosis – Genital abnormalities.

Anticoagulants – Warfarin (Coumadin, Panwarfin) and dicumatrol – To prevent blood clotting; used to prevent or treat thromboembolisms (clots blocking blood vessels). Abnormalities in bones, cartilage and eyes; central nervuos system defects.

Antithyroid drugs - Propylthiouracil, iodide, methimazole (tapazole) – To treat an overactive thyroid gland – Underactive or enlarged thyroid.

Anticonvulsants – Phentoin (Dilantin), trimethadione (Tridione), paramethadione (Paradione), valproic acid (Depakene) – To treat epilepsy and irregular heartbeat – Growth and mental retardation, developmental abnormalities, neural tube defects.

Chemotherapeutic drugs – Methotrexate (Mexate) and aminopterin – To treat cancer and psoriasis – Increased rate of miscarriage, varios abnormalities.

Diethylsibestrol (DES) – To treat problems with menstruation, syptoms of menapause and breast cancer, and to stop milk production; previously used to prevent preterm labor and miscarriage – Abnormalities of cevix and uterus in females, possible infertility in males and females.

Lead – Industries involving lead smelting, paint manufacture and use, printing, ceramics, glass manufacturing, and pottery glazing – Increased rate of miscarriage and stillbirths.

Lithium – To treat the manic part of manic-depressive disorders. - Congenital heart disease.

Organic mercury – Exposure through eating contaminated food. - Brian disorders.

Isotretinoin (accutane) – Treatment for cystic acne – Increased rate of miscarriage, developmental abnormalities.

Streptomycin – An antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis – Hearing loss.

Tetracyclin – An antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of infections – Underdevelopment of tooth enamel, incorporation of tetracycline into bone.

Thalidomide – Previously used as a sedative and a sleep aid – Growth deficiencies, other abnormalities.

X-Ray therapy – Medical treatment of disorders such as cancer – Growth and mental retardation.

Do-It-Yourself Pregnancy Exam

Do-It-Yourself Pregnancy Exam

Home test kits that enable a woman to determine for herself if she is pregnant have become the messenger of choice for many American women. Not only do the kits allow women to conduct an initial pregnancy test in the privacy of their own homes, but at rather low prices a kit, the home tests cost considerably less than the blood tests, for which physicians normally charge much more to determine pregnancy. No prescription is required.

New technology has made the tests highly reliable and easy to use. Results take only five minutes to obtain, and the test can be given as early as the first day or a missed period. The tests detect a hormone in the urine called human chorionic gonadtropin, which is produced by the placenta. Since the hormone is most easily detected in the morning, some kits require that the test be done in the early morning.

Do-it-yourself pregnancy exam. Photo : Elena

Most tests have the user urinate on a plastic indicator stick about the size of a nail file. If the hormone is detected, a chemical reaction registers on a gauge built into the indicator stick. If the woman is pregnant, a closed circle, bar, or plus sign appears on the gauge on the indicator stick. Of the results are negative, the window remains unchanged. When test results are positive, the test is 99 percent accurate, They are 80 percent accurate if the results are negative. If the results are negative and a woman’s period is still late, the test should be redone in a week. Anytime the results are positive or menstruation is delayed, and the test remains inconclusive, a gynecologist should be consulted promptly.

The Biological Clock

Recent data shows that 4,065,014 babies were born in the United States in 1992. More than three-fourth were to women in their 20s and early 30s, but the biggest increases were for older women (Source: National Center for Health Statistics).