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Tuesday, April 24, 2018

Ancillary Justice

Ancillary Justice

By Ann Leckie (excerpt)


Nineteen years, three months, and one week before I found Seivarden in the snow, I was a troop carrier orbiting the planet Shis’urna. Troop carriers are the most massive of Radchaai ships, sixteen decks stacked one on top of the other. Command, Administrative, Medical, Hydroponics, Engineering, Central Access, and a deck for each decade, living and working space for my officers, whose every breath, every twitch of every muscle, was known to me.

Troop carriers rarely move. I sat, as I had sat for most of my two thousand-year existence in one system or another, feeling the bitter chill of vacuum outside my hull, the planet Shis’urna like a blue-and-white glass counter, its orbiting station coming and going around, a steady stream of ships arriving, docking, undocking, departing toward one or the other of the buoy- and beacon-surrounded gates. From my vantage the boundaries of Shis’urna’s various nations and territories weren’t visible, though on its night side the planet’s cities glowed bright here and there, and webs of roads between them, where they’d been restored since the annexation.

I felt and heard – though didn’t always see – the presence of my companion ships – the smaller, faster Swords and Mercies, and most numerous at that time, the Justices, troop carriers like me. The oldest of us was nearly three thousand years old. We had known each other for a long time, and by now we had little to say to each other that had not already been said many times. We were, by and large, companionably silent, not counting routine communication.

As I still had ancillaries, I could be in more than one place at a time. I was also on detached duty in the city of Ors, on the planet Shis’urna, under the command of Esk Decade Lieutenant Awn.

Ancillary Justicy. Photo by Elena

Ors sat half on waterlogged land, half in marshy lake, the lakeward side built on slabs atop foundations sunk deep in the marsh mud. Green slime grew in the canals and joints between slabs, along the lower edges of building columns, on anything stationary the water reached, which varied with the season. The constant stink of hydrogen sulfide only cleared occasionally, when summer storms made the lakeward half of the city tremble and shudder and walkways were knee-deep in water blown in from beyond the barrier islands. Occasionally. Usually, the storms made the smell worse. They turned the air temporarily cooler, but the relief generally lasted no more than a few days. Otherwise, it was always humid and hot.

I couldn’t see Ors from orbit. It was more village than city, though it had once sat at the mouth of a river, and been the capital of a country that stretched along the coastline. Trade had come up and down the river, and flat-bottomed boats had plied the coastal marsh, bringing people from one town to the next. The river had shifte away over the centuries, and now Ors was half ruins. What had once been miles of rectangular islands within a grid of channels was now a much smaller place, surrounded by and interspersed with roofs and pillar, that emerged from the muddy green water in the dry season. It had once been home to millions. Only 6,318 people had lived here when Radchaai forces annexed Shis’urna five years earlier, and of course the annexation had reduced that number. In Ors less than in some other places: as soon as we had appeared – myself in the form of my Esk cohorts along with their decade lieutenants lined up in the streets of the town, armed and armored – the head priest of Ikkt had approached the most senior officer present – Lieutenant Awn, as I said – and offered immediate surrender. The head priest had told her followers what they needed to do to survive the annexation, and for the most part those followers did indeed survive. This wasn’t common as one might think – we always made it clear from the beginning that even breathing trouble during an annexation began we made demonstrations of just what that meant widely available, but there was always someone who couldn’t resist trying us.

Still, the head priest’s influence was impressive. The city’s small size was to some degree deceptive – during pilgrimage season hundreds of thousands of visitors streamed through the plaza inn front of the temple, camped on the slabs of abandoned streets. For worshipers of Ikkt this was the second holiest place on the planet, and the head priest a divine presence.

Usually a civilian police force was in place by the time an annexation was officially complete, something that often took fifty years or more. This annexation was different – citizenship had been granted to the surviving Shis’urnans much earlier than normal. No one in systemp administration quite trusted the idea of local civilians working security just yet, and military presence was still quite heavy. So when the annexation of Shis’urna was officially complete, most of Justice of Toren Esk went back to the ship, but Lieutenant Awn stayed, and I stayed with her as the twenty-ancillary unit Justice of Toren One Esk.

The head priest lived in a house near the temple, one of the few intact buildings from the days when Ors had been a city – four-storied, with a single-sloped roof and open on all sides, though dividers could be raised whenever an occupant wished privacy, and shutter s could be rolled down on the outsides during storms. The head priest received lieutenant Awn in a partition some five meters square, light peering in over the tops of the dark walls

Monday, April 23, 2018

Driving and Maintenance

Driving and Maintenance

Jackie Stewart takes three road: a racing great’s tips on how to make yourself a world-class driver



Every sport has its superstars whose awesome combination of skills and competitiveness set a standard for generations to come. In Grand Prix auto racing, the Scottish driver, Jackie Stewart, is among the sport’s greatest champions, with 27 Grand Prix victories during his celebrated career. Stewart learned to drive when he was 9 years old as a result of working in his father’s garage. “I had to park cars and shuttle them in and out of the garage, at first at very low speeds,” Stewart says. “It gave me an understanding of how gentle I had to be with a clutch pedal.” Here, the three-time world champion shares his tips on how you can make yourself a better driver.

What’s the key to being a good driver?


The smooth driver is always better than the aggressive driver. I try to tell people, think of yourself as the ideal chauffeur. I don’t want to be taken from the sidewalk with a dislocation of granny’s vertebrae in the back of the car. I don’t want the dog tossed from the rear window to the front window on any braking maneuver, and I don’t want the children getting hopelessly sick in the back because my steering sawed from one side to another. The key is to be very gentle with the gas pedal, both in introducing the gas and in reducing forward motion.

The same applies to putting the brakes on and taking the brakes off. Everyone told me that I could jerk the brakes on, but nobody told me that I could release them too quickly, which you can. The same applies to steering. When you’re turning the steering wheel to go around a corner, you shouldn’t be too quick with the amount of steering you introduce. You want all of your movements to be slow and progressive.

Driving along. Photo by Elena

How should one gauge how fast to drive?


Speed is dangerous. The higher the speed, the more the danger. You’ve really got to drive cutiously and slowly within your own abilities. There’s no damn good tailgating if your reaction time doesn’t allow you to stop if there’s on abstruction ahead of you. You are probably totally misjudging your lack of ability to handle speed. If I say to a man he’s a very poor driver or a very poor lover, he would never be convinced he was bad at either one, but in fact there are many bad drivers in the world and I assume there are also some bad lovers.

Are posted speed limits a good guide to how fast you can drive and still be safe?


The speed limits are a very good indicator, but sometimes because of lack of visibility, rain, or the winter, driving at the designated speed limit is too fast. The dynamics of an accident are far beyond what anybody can imagine. At 30 mph, for example, if you’re not wearing seat belts, the impact of hitting a solid object is the same as failing out of a fourth-story window in the United States.

What is the best technique for changing lanes and passing?


You can only accelerate when you know that the lane you’re meshing with is clear. If you’re not addressing your rear-view mirrors correctly and using them positively and then being even more than careful, there’s no good in pulling out at all. You don’t go right up to the back of the vehicle in front and then make an aggressive move to the right or left in order to change lanes and pass. You’ve got to give plenty of warning and male a very smooth transition to join that other lane or undertake a passing maneuver.

What is the best approach to cornering?


You come off the gas pedal gently and progressively. You go onto the brake pedal gently and progressively and you give yourself ample time to slow down and bet to a speed where you can recognize exactly where you want to be on the road. Too many people act as if it’s a last-minute effort.

Do anti-lock brakes and power steering make driving safer?


I’m a big believer in anti-lock brakes. The controversy over whether they help is a fallacy. I think ABS (Anti-Lock Braking System) is the greatest contribution to road safety since the introduction of the windshield wiper.

On the other hand, I would say that in America over the years power brakes and power steering have been over-sensitive to the point where you don’t get a real feeling of the road or the tires. It’s as if all the elements that you’re actually touching and feeling have been novocained. When that’s the case, you’re not going to have good communications between driver and machine, or vice-versa.

What are the most common mistakes made on the road?


First of all, most people don’t look ahead enough, and that’s because of concentration. America might be the worst country in the world for the famous coffee cup holder. It seems as if the driver of every car I look into has a coffee cup in his hands. It’s absolutely ridiculous. If it spills the wrong way, it’s going to burn the person, and he or she is going to overreact, which is probably going to cause an accident on its own. You can’t possibly drive with one hand and avoid a child who jumps out in front of you or another vehicle that gets into your path. You’ve got to have both hands on the steering wheel – I need both hands on the wheel. Other common mistakes include turning across other traffic without giving the other cars enough space, or turning suddenly across somebody else path when the folks behind you are in the process of overtaking. That’s a common one. So is lane-changing without knowing that there’s a car suddenly alongside you.

Do older drivers need to take special precautions?


People of more mature years often boast that they’ve been driving for more than 30 years and never had an accident. Little do they know that for the last majority of that time everyone else has been avoiding them. When you’re more mature, you’ve got to be more cautious. There’s a tendency to be a little more absent-minded and not as conscientious. You don’t feel as threatened. That’s why many women are much better drivers than men because they’re more threatened.
So women drivers are often better drivers than men drivers?

Most men think driving is very macho and they can handle anything. Women to some extent are scared about driving and sometimes feel threated by the element of danger. Therefore they are more conscientious, more diligent, go slower, and pay more attention. This is contrary to the normal cartoon of the lady driver.

How can a parent ensure that a child learns to drive well?


I would send them to the very best driving school in the area. There’s no substitute for that. I’ve won three world championships and I sent both of my sons to driving schools. Don’t teach them yourself. A parent, a boyfriend, a relation, is simply not the way to go.
Which professional race care driver did you most admire when you were racing?

Jim Clark, a fellow Scot (and two-time World Grand Prix champion). He was the best driver I ever raced against. He was the smoothest and he just did the best job in the most unspectacular fashion. It’s making the driving effortless that’s the key to great driving.

What it takes to stop in time


Tailgaters beware: The stopping distance required for a car going 35 mph is just over half a football field, even when the road is dry. At 65 mph the distance required is equal to the length of one and a third football fields.

Stopping distances at selected speeds:

Motorcycle


35 mph (wet: 260 ft, dry: 225 ft). 45 mph (wet 385 ft, dry 315 ft). 55 mph: (wet: 530 ft, dry: 435 ft). 65 mph: (wet 705 ft, dry 575 ft).

Passenger Car


35 mph: (wet: 185 ft; dry: 160 ft). 45 mph (wet 275 ft, dry: 225 ft). 55 mph: wet – 380 ft; dry – 310 ft). 65 mph: (Wet: 505 ft, dry: 410 ft).


Truck


35 mph: (Wet 230 ft, dry – 190 ft). 45 mph: (wet: 350 ft; dry: 280 ft). 55 mph: (wet: 490 ft; dry: 390 ft). 65 mph: (Wet – 665 ft; dry – 525 ft).

(Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration).

Sunday, April 22, 2018

Words That Changed the World From Biblical Times

Words That Changed the World From Biblical Times


From Biblical times to the present, these documents have shaped our history

Code of Hammurabi, c. 1750 B.C: one of the oldest known legal codes, it lays down the principle of “an eye for an eye”.

c. 1000 B.C. – Old Testament: Written in Hebrew and Aramaic.

100 – New Testament: The 27 writings, with the Jewish Old Testament, make up the Christian Bible.

313 – Edict of Milan: From Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius. Grants toleration and equal rights to all religions.

c. – 650: Koran (Quran): Revelations given to the prophet Muhammad by Allah instructing believers in the proper way to live.

1215 – Magna Carta: Signed by English King John. The basis of constitutional government, it guarantees due process and trial by jury.

1517 – Ninety-five theses of Martin Luther: Challenged the excesses of the Roman Catholic Church and led to the Protestant Reformation.

The winter is coming, and the mankind knows it. Photo by Elena

1776 – U.S. Declaration of Independence: Declares the independence of the American colonies from the rule of Great Britain

1787 – U.S. Constitution: Lays down the rules for a democratic republic.

1789 – Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: Approved by the French Assembly. It summarizes the ideals of the French Revolution.

1791 – U.S. Bill of Rights: The first 10 amendments to the Constitution. Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, and press.

1804 – Code Napoleon: Issued by Napoleon Bonaparte. Forms the basis of modern French civil law.

1848 – Communist Manifesto: By Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. Ending with the line “workers of the world unite”, it calls for a worldwide revolution leading to a classless society.

1862 – Emancipation Proclamation: President Abraham Lincoln ends slavery.

1905 – Albert Eistein’s Theory or Relativity: Presented in four articles. A new way of understanding motion, time, and energy. Introduces the formula e= mc2.

1918 – Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points: Stressing “open covenants of peace, openly arrived at,” the document sets forth Wilson’s program for world peace after World War I.

1925 – Mein Kampf: Written by Adolf Hitler. Outlines the idea of creating an Aryan state for the “chosen people.” Hitler’s later attempt to implement his plan results in the death of 6 million Jews.

1931 – Statute of Westminster: Grants autonomous government to Great Britain’s former colonial possessions, creating the British Commonwealth.

1945 – United Nations Charter: It created a new international organization that aimed to maintain peace and security in in the world.

1948 – Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Approved by the U.N., it declares freedoms and rights of a common state, an achievement for any all peoples and all nations.

1962 – 1965 – Second Vatican Council: Modernizes Roman Catholic practice.

1973 – Roe v. Wade: The Supreme Court says the 14th amendment gives women the power to terminate their pregnancies.

All of us, we come from the Biblical times... Photo by Elena

Larry Stefon Park

Larry Stefon Park in Toronto Downtown

Larry Sefton Park, in memory of their great friend. 



Larry Sefton Park was built and donated to the city of Toronto by members of the United Steelworkers of America. Larry Sefton was a compassionate, generous and courageous man whose was that people should have the opportunity they require to enrich the human spirit in everyone. He brought the love for his family and friends to every task that meant a better life for someone. As a union leader, he practiced his creed of helping others. 

Larry Sefton Park celebrates what he devoted his life to achieve: public recognition of working people and their unions, co-operation of friends from many places toward a common commitment they share, and the appreciation of the vital unity of mankind and nature.

For 20 years as director of district 6 of the steelworkers union, Larry Sefton was an inspiration to thousands of union members in Canada and elsewhere. The many privileged to have known him have contributed to keep his goal alive: organizing, building, and improving the world in some way every day. “No greater faith hats any man”

On June 21, 1936 in Hamilton, Ontario, the Canadian section of the steelworkers organizing committee was born with a dream of social and economic justice for working people. Renamed the USWA in 1942, it became one of the world`s largest unions, embracing over a million workers.

This plaque was erected in commemoration of the USWA`50th anniversary and the outstanding accomplishments of its members. (Leo W. Gerard, Director, District 6; E. Gérard Docquier, National Director; Lynn R. WilliamsInt-l President. Cast of members of local 6363 USWA and Neelon casing ltd., Sudbury. Mourn for the dead, fight for the living.

United Steelworkers of America. Photo by Elena
Mourn for the dead, fight for the living. Photo by Elena
The plaque erected. Photo by Elena

The Verdict on Market Timing

The Verdict on Market Timing


Many professional investors move money from cash to equities or to long-term bonds based on their forecasts of fundamental economic conditions. Indeed, several institutional investors now sell their services as “asset allocators” or “market timers.” The words of John Bogle, chairman of the Vanguard Group of Investment Companies, are closest to my views on the subject of market timing. Boggle said: “In thirty years in this business, I do not know anybody who has done it successfully and consistently, nor anybody who knows anybody who has done it successfully and consistently. Indeed, my impression is that trying to do market timing is likely, not only not to add value to your investment program, but to be counterproductive.”

Bogle’s point may be very well illustrated by an examination of the different charts showing the percentage of total assets held in cash of all equity managers funds from 1970 to 1989. They show that mutual-fund managers have been incorrect in their allocation of assets into cash in essentially every market cycle during the seventies and eighties. Note that caution on the part of mutual-fund managers coincides almost perfectly with trough in the market. Peaks in mutual funds’ cash positions have coincided with market trough during 1970, 1974, 1982, and the end of 1987 after the great stock-market crash. Conversely, the allocation to cash of mutual-fund managers was almost invariably at a low during peak periods in the market. Clearly the ability of mutual-fund managers to time the market has been egregiously poor.

Obviously being “out of the stock market” during a period of sharp decline, such as October 1987, would have saved you a lot of grief and money. We all hear of those “astute” few who “knew” the market was too high in early October and sold out. But unless those timers got back into the market right after the lows were hit, they were not more successful than investors who followed a “buy-and-hold” strategy. And the facts suggest that successful market timing is extraordinarily difficult to achieve.

Sergeant Ryan Russel parkette, Toronto. Photo by Elena

Remember, over the past forty years the market has risen in twenty-six years, been even in three years, and declined in only eleven. Thus, the odds of being successful when you are in academic study by Professors Richard Woodward and Jess Chua of the University of Calgary shows that holding on to timing because your gains from being in stocks during bull markets far outweigh the losses in bear markets. The professors conclude that a market timer would have to make correct decisions 70 percent of the time to outperform a buy-and-hold investor. I’ve never met anyone who can bat .700 in calling market turns.

Another example of the difficulty of market timing is provided by two covers from Business Week, one of the most respected business periodicals. On August 13, 1979, when the S&P Index stood at 105, Business Week ran a cover story on the “The Death of Equities,” and on May 9, 1983, after a 60 percent rise in the market, they ran another cover story, “The Rebirth of Equities.” The economist and highly successful and highly successful investor John Maynard Keynes rendered the appropriate verdict more than fifty years ago:

We have not proved able to take much advantage of a general systematic movement out of and into ordinary shares as a whole at different phases of the trade cycle… As a result of these experiences I am clear that the idea of wholesale shifts is for various reasons impracticable and indeed undesirable.
Most of those who attempt it sell too late and buy too late, and do both too often, incurring heavy expenses and developing too unsettled and speculative a state of mind, which, if it is widespread, has besides the grave social disadvantage of aggravating the scales of the fluctuations.
Burton G. Malkiel. A Random Walk Down Wall Street, including a life-cycle guide to personal investing. First edition, 1973, by W.W. Norton and company, Inc.