Guide to Whitewater Rapids

A Quick Guide to Whitewater Rapids

River conditions can vary widely and unpredictably. The following ratings were developed to give those unfamiliar with a river a feel for what they are getting into – before the get into it.

• Class I: Flat water, some current.
• Class II: Small waves.
• Class III: Big waves, requires maneuvering through hydraulic holes, in which the water breaks back on itself over a rock.
• Class IV: Big waves, many rocks, and very fast, powerful water. Requires precise maneuverability. Not fun to swim in if you make a mistake.
• Class V: Pushing the limits of navigability, should be done only experts. Extremely steep gradient of river: 30- to 40-foot drops. Mistakes of capsizing will result in injury or possibly death.
• Class VI: Pushing the absurd. Paddlers on the West Coast define it as not runnable. Those on the East recommend it only for experts, lunatics, or both. Injury or death is a distinct possibility.

Learning to paddle. Photo by Elena.

Learning how to paddle

Where to find out more about canoeing or kayaking before getting on the water.

Paddling Clubs: Paddling clubs are a good way to get your feet wet. Those looking for a club close to home should call the American Canoe Association – The largest paddling association in the country, it sets instructor certification tests and general water safety standards. Or North American Paddle Sports Association – also covers kayaking. Can put you in touch with a club near you.

Outfitters: Be sure the outfitter has a trained staff, a clean safety record, and is affiliated with a national paddling organization such as those above. To locate one near you, contact America Outdoors, which lists recreational opportunities with premier backcountry outfitters on public lands and waterways. National Association of Canoe and Livery Outfitters – A professional organization that will put you in contact with members.

Paddling schools: For those who prefer to have some easy experience on the water before embarking on a more challenging trip with an outfitter. Canoe and kayak retailers sometimes offer classes and can also be good sources of other information, including local water conditions. For schools near you refer to: Canoe & kayak magazine, all the news you need, and useful listings and ads from a variety of outfitters and schools.